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寫到這裡我要停一下,心理上也有點疲累,幾天後才繼續寫。 若上面有敍述得不清楚的地方請告知🙏也歡迎留言討論
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(續上)
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#讀嘛讀嘛 隔了三個月,終於重拾 #南斯拉夫內戰餘生錄 (Selco Begovic《SHTF Survival Stories: Memories from the Balkan War》),把有關作者親身經歷的第一部分看完了。第二部分是作者與其他戰爭倖存者的訪談,在此不贅。 https://imgs.plurk.com/QEx/uuC/r1w5hrdqL55NgWlq9ufvEXZBxk8_lg.jpg 此書以英語寫成,而非作者母語,故用字淺白,對戰爭裡的殘酷事實亳不修飾。其中一章寥寥數語講述他某天在路上遇上被炸得滿身玻璃碎的陌生女子,明知她無法活命,他只能握著她的手,伴她渡過生命最後的幾小時。如此簡單的敍述,卻讓我淚流滿面。 我本抱著吸取求生知識的目的閱讀,但書中的故事讓我明白,在極端狀態之下,科學常識固然重要,但理解人性和懂得變通才是關鍵。
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/51001516-shtf-survival-stories 上一噗整理了第一部分上半部分內容,分章點列整理。 因為有涉及如何用刀捅死人的描述,我把該噗標為R18+: https://www.plurk.com/p/pi6lem
下半部分的章節,多是作者在戰亂中經歷的事,比上半部分少硬知識。對於作者從故事中汲取的教訓,個人認為不必奉為真理,僅作參考就好,因為如果欠缺運氣(i.e.其他不能控制的外在因素),光憑所謂「做對了的決定」是不足以存活下來的。
以書中「The 4 Types of Real Survivialists」這章為例,作者提到他所認識的、在這場戰亂中倖存下來的有四種人:「壞蛋(The Bad Man)」、「變色龍(The Chameleon)」、「奴隸和侍從(Slaves and Servants)」以及「好的領導者(The Good Boss)」,而讀了他分享有關這四種人的故事,我覺得他們的成功故事還是運氣佔多(例如說謊沒被拆穿),故難以複製。所以只能說,「作者所遇過的倖存者中有這四種人」,而不是「這四種人就能成為戰亂中的倖存者」。
即使如此,這些故事仍有其參考價值,就是幫助我們理解人性。
以下整理作者多次提到的幾個戰亂求生的要點:(以[emo174]標示)
[emo174]資訊有其時限
在SHTF的情況,從媒體(例如電視台)處得知的消息,通常已經太遲——當你和大部分人同一時間獲得消息,就已經失去先拔頭籌的機會。還有,別忘記媒體都愛嘩眾取寵斬獲收視,他們不一定是本著良心報導的。最好還是自己research一下發生了什麼事。
資訊和假消息都有其價值。而有價值的資訊絕大多數都有時限。如果你能比其他人更早預料到某些資源會成為必需品(例如武肺爆發後大家都需要口罩),那你就能及早為自己準備好需要份量,甚至大量貯藏以作日後交易用籌碼。
人在SHTF其中一個最大的恐懼就是對「未知」(unknown)的恐懼。這時謠言也會滿天飛,而很多人會為了安撫自己而選擇相信謠言。做足心理準備和知識裝備,避免陷入圈套。
[emo174]關於食物(Some Thoughts on Food…)
SHTF會令身體嚴重受壓,所以你需要均衡飲食維持健康(不要偏食!)。
// SHTF is stress for your body (and mind), huge stress. Your body will need food that is balanced and good for you more than ever.
準備食物/貯藏食物時該考慮的3點:
-
量要足夠支持你和家人/隊員至少一段時間。
-
食物最好是包裝成容易攜帶/搬運/貯藏在不同地方的,還有要避免遇上例外狀況時(例如水浸?)一下子把整個庫存的食物污染。所以小包裝、罐頭、真空密封、MRE(Meal, Ready-to-eat)、密封桶、小包裝糖等是較好的。
// …packaged in a way that gives you options to move it quickly and hide it in different places. Small packaging, cans, vacuum sealed, MREs, sealed buckets, small packages of sugar, and similar packaging is preferable. You also want packaging that gives you less chances of spoiling whole storage if something goes wrong (water, infestation, etc.).
- 把食物準備成可吃的狀態所需的時間和資源愈少愈好(煮飯要用水和燃料 v.s. MRE打開就能吃)。
另外就是,如果可以的話,為自己準備一些comfort food,這是對你自己精神(mental aspect)有幫助的食物(每個人的comfort food都不同)。
作者分享了他在戰亂剛開始時在朋友家裡吃飯吃到虫子的事,當時他還在適應SHTF的狀況才大呼小叫,後來他也就適應了「可吃的東西就吃」——過期食物(expired food)、被污染了的食物例如丟進了虫子的食物(infested food)、未煮熟的食物(raw food)、奇怪的食物(weird food)…
[emo174]如何出城
(這部分來自書中「A way out of Town」前半章的內容)
作者提到出城其中一個途徑,可能是給當地的黑幫錢(外幣),又或是給他們首飾、槍等有價值的東西,利用他們的人脈避過敵軍出城。但更多時候(作者說50%機會),那些黑幫甚至不會幫忙而是會當場擊斃求助者再把他們的財產奪去。[emo209]
另一個途徑就是翻山越嶺,而這非常高難度,因為那些山是連行人道都沒有鋪的,天氣也可能很惡劣、或是極為寒冷。作者當時就在攝氏負15度的情況下走了5-10天這樣的山道。
//I took that trip once, in January. I think it was something like -15 C, with freezing wind and blizzards. It was like swimming through snow, not to mention that nobody had clue where exactly mines and other traps were.
當地人流傳的「智慧/迷思」是:要在寒冬翻山越嶺,記得帶糖和幾公升酒精——混合飲用能在冰凍環境下為身體提供能量。作者不知道有多少效用,但他照做而最後生還了,雖然路途上有一半時間他都是在半醉喪屍狀態。
//To be honest, though it sounds ridiculous, I finished that trip. I’m not sure is it because that mix. I just know that most of the time on that trip I was half drunk and walked like a zombie.
最後一種途徑,作者自己沒試過,只是道聽途說,就是穿過引水道逃出城巿。(看到這,心裡一陣揪痛[emo121]據聞2020年香港的理大圍城事件中,其中一些成功逃生的人就是透過引水道[emo121])
//Again, rumors raged, there was a story that some folks went through the sewage systems and managed to get out.
[emo174]獨行俠(lone wolf)能夠生存嗎?
因為讀這書之前已經玩過基於這書設計的戰亂求生遊戲https://store.steampowered.com/app/282070/This_War_of_Mine/ (This War of Mine),在遊戲中體會過自己一個求生是多麼恐怖的事,基本上會連睡覺的時間也沒有,而且出外一晚拾荒,容身之所得來不易的資源就會被掠奪[emo209] https://store.steampowered.com/app/282070/This_War_of_Mine/ https://this-war-of-mine.fandom.com/wiki/This_War_of_Mine
獨行俠在SHTF的狀況下要求生,各方面都會困難百倍:
[emo159]生存意義(Mental strength - having a cause):SHTF的情況本身就會嚴重損害精神狀態了,在舉目無親又沒有同伴的情況下就更加危險了。 [emo159]行動力(Mobility):如果有隊友的話,可以分工合作;獨行俠所有事情都要一手包辦,也就是無時無刻在隨時必須動身的狀態,也得一人做好所有要務:搜集資訊、收集資源、守衛容身之所…也因此做決定時,考慮的條件會跟成群結隊求生的人很不一樣。 [emo159]技能(Skills):至少必須精通一種技能(e.g. 維修、種植、醫療/急救、草藥知識 etc)作為與人交涉的籌碼(precious skill as a bartering value),即使是獨自行動,到了某個階段其實也不得不和別人組成結盟
//He needs to be an expert in at least one relevant field. As a lone wolf, you’ll be forced (especially in a prolonged SHTF) to form some kind of alliances to get stuff, or simply you’ll be forced to join (for shorter or longer periods) some group.
[emo159]和他人的互動(Ohter people and you):獨自與其他人交涉肯定比組隊危險得多,這不用多說。在城巿SHTF裡,充滿難民和資源短缺的情況下,獨行意味著要避開他人,以免淪為攻擊/掠奪對象。
//The rules of survivial are mostly the same as being in a group, but much harder or sharper, with much fewer margins for error.
[emo174]精神狀態
Under the Bridge
- 6 months completely detached from normal
The point is that no matter how bad the situation is, you just need to have some connection with “normal” otherwise you’ll simply turn yourself into an animal. It can be a book, it can be a guitar and music, or simply chatting with friends – no matter how hard the sh*t hits the fan. Do not forget that you are human and you need to have and express emotions. Or simply, you may burn out.
寫到這裡我有點累了[emo308]要暫停一下。因為很快就要遠遊,我應該會在這兩天寫好這噗。 還未寫完的要點還有: [emo174]及時反應的重要性 [emo174]保持健康的精神狀態 [emo174]四種倖存者 [emo174]總結/全書感想
[emo253] Stay Tuned
在SHTF的情況,從媒體處得知的消息,通常已經太遲——當你和大部分人同一時間獲得消息,就已經失去先拔頭籌的機會了:
Use of that timely linformation could save your life, the big difference between you, a prepper, and a non-repper is that you should have that information before them and react to it.
And you are mostly probably not going to get that information by using regular media, at least not in the to have an advantage over the other folks, especially the bad kind of folks.
資訊和假消息都有其價值。而有價值的資訊絕大多數都有時限。
還有,別忘記媒體都愛嘩眾取寵斬獲收視,他們不一定是本著良心報導的。最好還是自己research一下發生了什麼事。
作者說人在SHTF其中一個最大的恐懼就是對「未知」(unknown)的恐懼。這時謠言也會滿天飛,而很多人會為了安撫自己而選擇相信謠言。做足心理準備和知識裝備,避免陷入圈套:
Preparing is again the key, and in many scenarios, knowledge truly is power.
📖 Stay Tuned
在SHTF的情況,從媒體處得知的消息,通常已經太遲——當你和大部分人同一時間獲得消息,就已經失去先拔頭籌的機會了:
Use of that timely linformation could save your life, the big difference between you, a prepper, and a non-repper is that you should have that information before them and react to it.
And you are mostly probably not going to get that information by using regular media, at least not in the to have an advantage over the other folks, especially the bad kind of folks.
資訊和假消息都有其價值。而有價值的資訊絕大多數都有時限。
還有,別忘記媒體都愛嘩眾取寵斬獲收視,他們不一定是本著良心報導的。最好還是自己research一下發生了什麼事。
作者說人在SHTF其中一個最大的恐懼就是對「未知」(unknown)的恐懼。這時謠言也會滿天飛,而很多人會為了安撫自己而選擇相信謠言。做足心理準備和知識裝備,避免陷入圈套:
Preparing is again the key, and in many scenarios, knowledge truly is power.
📖 The Different Faces of Fear
恐懼有時不一定是壞事,它可以使人壯大起來打敗敵人或使勁逃跑。通常被殺害的平民都是被恐懼癱瘓的人——被恐懼癱瘓絕對是一件壞事。
Poeple see what they want to see and especially when thiings get tough, they try to look for good things in a bad situation.
Unfortunately, even if there are no good things some still convince themselves there are.
認清眼前狀況,不要自欺欺人。
📖 Skill and Training
當說要學習「求生技能」的時候,其實要先說明面臨的是何種處境。
舉例說,你所理解的「SHTF」是怎樣的情況?有些人會覺得停電12小時就是SHTF了,那他們的著眼點就會放在如何安然渡過這12小時,但戰爭當然遠遠比這糟糕。
When you say to me “SHTF” my first thought is the partial or complete collapse of the system and its services, so my second thought is about the lack of resources, and other people realizing that fact. My third thought is about fighting with other people for the resources still left.
作者會想到的三點是(1)部局或全面的系統/基建/服務崩塌、(2)資源短缺(而且當地的其他人都清楚這個狀況)、和(3)因此必須和當地其他人爭奪資源以存活下去。
Now what is clear here, I firmly believe that there will be event of complete prolonged absence of the system, (law, medical services, food distribution chain…) and some of the reasons could be new pandemics, economic problems, ethnic race, religious reasons, chaos, or simply some worldwide event.
除此之外,作者認為很大機會出現系統/基建/服務(法律、醫療服務、食品分配鏈…)崩塌後長期無法復原的情況,這可以是流行病、經濟問題、種族、宗教原因,混亂,或一些世界性事件導致的。
It is more useful for them to read history books, speak with war veterans to try to understand that sht happens, even in most modern societies where similar things did not happen for generations.*
比起參加什麼求生課程,多讀歷史書、向曾經參戰的軍人吸取經驗更為有用。
The real danger here is not about learning skills (which is again a great thing to do). It is about not understanding how to put it in the correct context in a real-life situation.
學習求生技能本身不是壞事,但必須搞清使用那些技能的前提是什麼、或是說在什麼處境能夠應用那些技能。
比方說,在求生課程中有一個模礙事例:有同伴受傷爆血,你要去幫他止血。但在真實的SHTF情況下,你是否真的能在健康、正常的精神狀態下、在安全的環境以及能取得急求物料為對方止血呢?你有可能處於一個根本無法為同伴療傷的狀況。
作者想說的是:技能和常識很重要,但必須根據情境變通(但這說了也是白說。真的遇上SHTF時才算啦😂)。
📖 Under Pressure
Prepare not to lose it (your mind)…
📖 Survial Situation - Action Wins
Act instead of freeze. 寫在前頭:
有些事情我不認同,例如在《under pressure》那章說”Prepare not to lose it”,這我覺得不是人能夠控制的。
有關感情/人性等方面的:
📖 A Lesson in Survival and Dying
Touch someone when someone is about to die…
📖 Some thoughts on Food
(Write in detail)
📖 A way out of Town
Issue of being a lone wolf
📖 Lone Wolf life expectancy
Issue of being a lone wolf…
📖 The 4 Types of Real Survivalists
不要論斷別人。
- Bad guys
- Chameleon
- Slaves and Servants
- The Good Boss